Nkhani

MBIRI NDIPONSO KUSINTHA KWA ANENESTHESIA WOYENERA MWA MTSWA

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mitsempha kunayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1700 pamene Christopher Wren anabaya opiamu mwa galu pogwiritsa ntchito chikodzodzo cha tsekwe ndi chikhodzodzo cha nkhumba ndipo galuyo 'amapusa'. M'zaka za m'ma 1930 hexobarbital ndi pentothal adayambitsidwa muzochita zamankhwala.

Munali m'zaka za m'ma 1960s Pharmacokinetic yomwe mitundu ndi ma equation a IV infusions adapangidwa ndipo m'ma 1980, machitidwe olowetsedwa a IV oyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta adayambitsidwa. Mu 1996 chandamale choyamba choyendetsedwa ndi infusion system ('Diprufusor') idayambitsidwa.

TANTHAUZO

A chandamale ankalamulira kulowetsedwandi kulowetsedwa komwe kumayendetsedwa m'njira yoyesera kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu lachidwi kapena chidwi. Lingaliro ili linaperekedwa koyamba ndi Kruger Thiemer mu 1968.

Mtengo wa magawo PHARMACOKINETITS

Kuchuluka kwa magawo.

Uwu ndi kuchuluka kowonekera komwe mankhwalawa amagawidwa. Imawerengedwa ndi chilinganizo: Vd = mlingo / kuchuluka kwa mankhwala. Mtengo wake umadalira ngati amawerengedwa pa nthawi ya zero - pambuyo pa bolus (Vc) kapena pamalo okhazikika pambuyo pa kulowetsedwa (Vss).

Chilolezo.

Kuchotsedwa kumayimira kuchuluka kwa plasma (Vp) komwe mankhwalawa amachotsedwa pa nthawi ya unit kuti awerenge chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwake m'thupi. Chilolezo = Kuchotsa X Vp.

Pamene chilolezo chikuwonjezeka theka la moyo limachepetsa, ndipo pamene chiwerengero cha kugawa chikuwonjezeka chomwechonso theka la moyo. Chilolezo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pofotokoza momwe mankhwalawa amayendera mwachangu pakati pa zipinda. Mankhwalawa amayamba kugawidwa m'chipinda chapakati asanagawidwe ku zigawo zozungulira. Ngati voliyumu yoyamba yogawa (Vc) ndi ndende yomwe mukufuna kuti achire (Cp) adziwike, ndizotheka kuwerengera mlingo wotsitsa kuti mukwaniritse izi:

Kutsegula mlingo = Cp x Vc

Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwerengera mlingo wa bolus wofunikira kuti muwonjezere ndende panthawi ya kulowetsedwa kosalekeza: Bolus mlingo = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Mlingo wa kulowetsedwa kuti ukhalebe wokhazikika = Cp X Clearance.

Zosavuta kulowetsedwa regimens si kukwaniritsa azikhazikika plasma ndende mpaka osachepera asanu machulukitsidwe wa kuchotsa theka la moyo. Mlingo wofunidwa ukhoza kupezedwa mwachangu ngati mlingo wa bolus ukutsatiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa.