Nkhani

Pakadali pano, pali zida zamankhwala zopitilira 10,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Maiko a 1 ayenera kuika chitetezo cha odwala patsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti apeza zipangizo zachipatala zapamwamba, zotetezeka komanso zothandiza. 2,3 Msika wa zida zamankhwala zaku Latin America ukupitilira kukula pakukula kwakukulu pachaka. Mayiko aku Latin America ndi ku Caribbean akuyenera kuitanitsa zida zachipatala zopitilira 90% chifukwa kupanga ndi kuperekera zida zachipatala komweko kumawononga ndalama zosakwana 10% yazofunikira zonse.
Argentina ndi dziko lachiwiri lalikulu ku Latin America pambuyo pa Brazil. Ndi anthu pafupifupi 49 miliyoni, ndi dziko lachinayi lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri m'chigawochi, komanso chuma chachitatu chachikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa Brazil ndi Mexico, chomwe chili ndi zinthu zonse zapadziko lonse (GNP) pafupifupi US $ 450 biliyoni. Ndalama zapachaka za Argentina ndi US$22,140, ​​​​imodzi mwapamwamba kwambiri ku Latin America. 5
Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa zipatala zaku Argentina komanso maukonde ake azachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, imasanthula kasamalidwe, magwiridwe antchito, ndi machitidwe owongolera zida zachipatala zaku Argentina ndi ubale wake ndi Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur). Pomaliza, poganizira zachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Argentina, ikufotokoza mwachidule mwayi wamabizinesi ndi zovuta zomwe zikuimiridwa ndi msika wa zida za ku Argentina.
Dongosolo lazaumoyo ku Argentina lagawidwa m'magawo atatu: pagulu, chitetezo cha anthu komanso zachinsinsi. Bungwe la boma limaphatikizapo mautumiki a dziko lonse ndi zigawo, komanso mautumiki a zipatala za boma ndi zipatala, kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwaulere kwa aliyense amene akusowa chithandizo chamankhwala chaulere, makamaka anthu omwe sali oyenerera chitetezo cha anthu ndipo sangakwanitse kulipira. Ndalama zandalama zimapereka ndalama zothandizira anthu ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ndipo amalandira malipiro okhazikika kuchokera ku subsystem yachitetezo cha anthu kuti apereke chithandizo kwa ogwirizana nawo.
Dongosolo lachitetezo cha anthu ndilovomerezeka, lokhazikika pa "obra sociales" (mapulani aumoyo wamagulu, OS), kuwonetsetsa ndikupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwa ogwira ntchito ndi mabanja awo. Zopereka zochokera kwa ogwira ntchito ndi owalemba ntchito zimathandizira ma OS ambiri, ndipo amagwira ntchito kudzera m'makontrakitala ndi mavenda apadera.
Dongosolo lachinsinsi limaphatikizapo akatswiri azachipatala ndi mabungwe azachipatala omwe amathandizira odwala omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri, opindula ndi OS, komanso omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi. Dongosololi limaphatikizanso makampani a inshuwaransi odzifunira otchedwa "prepaid drug" makampani a inshuwaransi. Kupyolera mu malipiro a inshuwaransi, anthu pawokha, mabanja ndi olemba anzawo ntchito amapereka ndalama kumakampani a inshuwaransi yachipatala omwe amalipidwa kale. Zipatala za boma za 7 ku Argentina zimapanga 51% ya zipatala zonse (pafupifupi 2,300), zomwe zili pachisanu mwa mayiko a Latin America omwe ali ndi zipatala zambiri zaboma. Chiŵerengero cha mabedi achipatala ndi mabedi 5.0 pa anthu 1,000, omwe ndi apamwamba kuposa pafupifupi 4.7 m'mayiko a Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Kuphatikiza apo, Argentina ili ndi imodzi mwamadokotala apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi 4.2 pa anthu 1,000, kupitilira OECD 3.5 ndi avareji ya Germany (4.0), Spain ndi United Kingdom (3.0) ndi mayiko ena aku Europe. 8
Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) yalemba bungwe la Argentina National Food, Drug and Medical Technology Administration (ANMAT) ngati bungwe loyang'anira magawo anayi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zitha kufananizidwa ndi US FDA. ANMAT ili ndi udindo woyang'anira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwala, chakudya ndi zida zachipatala zakhala zikuyenda bwino, zotetezeka komanso zapamwamba. ANMAT imagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo loyika zinthu pachiwopsezo ngati lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku European Union ndi Canada kuyang'anira kuvomereza, kulembetsa, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira ndi zachuma pazida zamankhwala m'dziko lonselo. ANMAT imagwiritsa ntchito gulu lachiwopsezo, momwe zida zamankhwala zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi potengera zoopsa zomwe zingachitike: Kalasi I-yotsika kwambiri; Kalasi II-chiwopsezo chapakatikati; Kalasi III-chiwopsezo chachikulu; ndi Class IV - chiopsezo chachikulu. Wopanga aliyense wakunja yemwe akufuna kugulitsa zida zamankhwala ku Argentina ayenera kusankha nthumwi yakomweko kuti apereke zikalata zofunika pakulembetsa. Pampu yothira, pampu ya syringe ndi mpope wopatsa thanzi (pampu yodyetsera) ngati zida zamankhwala za calss IIb, ziyenera kufalikira ku New MDR pofika 2024.
Malinga ndi malamulo okhudza kulembetsa zida zachipatala, opanga ayenera kukhala ndi ofesi yapafupi kapena yogawa yolembetsa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Argentina kuti atsatire ndi Best Manufacturing Practices (BPM). Pazida zamankhwala za Class III ndi Class IV, opanga akuyenera kupereka zotsatira za mayeso azachipatala kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya chipangizocho. ANMAT ili ndi masiku 110 ogwira ntchito kuti awunike chikalatacho ndikupereka chilolezo chofananira; pazida zamankhwala za Gulu Loyamba ndi la II, ANMAT ili ndi masiku 15 ogwira ntchito kuti awunike ndikuvomereza. Kulembetsa kwa chipangizo chachipatala ndi chovomerezeka kwa zaka zisanu, ndipo wopanga akhoza kuchisintha masiku 30 chisanathe. Pali njira yosavuta yolembera zosinthira ku ziphaso zolembetsa za ANMAT zamagulu a III ndi IV, ndipo yankho limaperekedwa mkati mwa masiku 15 ogwira ntchito kudzera mu chilengezo chotsatira. Wopanga akuyeneranso kupereka mbiri yathunthu ya zomwe zidagulitsidwa m'mbuyomu m'maiko ena. 10
Popeza dziko la Argentina ndi gawo la Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) -malo amalonda opangidwa ndi Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay ndi Uruguay-zida zonse zotumizidwa kunja zimakhomeredwa msonkho molingana ndi Mercosur Common External Tariff (CET). Mtengo wa msonkho umachokera ku 0% mpaka 16%. Pankhani ya zida zamankhwala zokonzedwanso kuchokera kunja, msonkho umachokera ku 0% mpaka 24%. 10
Mliri wa COVID-19 wakhudza kwambiri Argentina. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Mu 2020, zinthu zonse mdziko muno zidatsika ndi 9.9%, kutsika kwakukulu m'zaka 10. Ngakhale izi, chuma chapakhomo mu 2021 chidzawonetsabe kusalinganika kwakukulu kwachuma: ngakhale boma likuwongolera mitengo, chiwongola dzanja chapachaka mu 2020 chikhalabe chokwera mpaka 36%. 6 Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwa inflation komanso kuchepa kwachuma, zipatala zaku Argentina zawonjezera kugula kwawo zida zoyambira komanso zapadera kwambiri mu 2020. Kuwonjezeka kwa kugula zida zapadera zachipatala mu 2020 kuyambira 2019 ndi: 17
Munthawi yomweyi kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2020, kugula zida zoyambira m'zipatala zaku Argentina kwakwera: 17
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, poyerekeza ndi 2019, pakhala chiwonjezeko chamitundu ingapo yazida zamankhwala zodula ku Argentina mu 2020, makamaka m'chaka chomwe maopaleshoni omwe amafunikira zidazi adathetsedwa kapena kuimitsidwa chifukwa cha COVID-19. Zoneneratu za 2023 zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwakukula kwapachaka (CAGR) kwa zida zotsatirazi zachipatala kudzakwera:17
Argentina ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi njira zosakanikirana zachipatala, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi boma komanso zithandizo zapadera. Msika wake wa zida zamankhwala umapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri wamabizinesi chifukwa Argentina ikufunika kuitanitsa pafupifupi mankhwala onse azachipatala. Ngakhale kuwongolera ndalama, kukwera kwamitengo ndi kutsika kwa ndalama zakunja, 18 kuchuluka komwe kukufunika kwa zida zamankhwala zoyambira ndi zapaderazi, ndondomeko zovomerezeka zovomerezeka, maphunziro apamwamba a akatswiri azachipatala aku Argentina, komanso luso lachipatala la dziko lino. kopita kokongola kwa opanga zida zamankhwala omwe akufuna kukulitsa mayendedwe awo ku Latin America.
1. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Regulación de dispositivos médicos [Internet]. 2021 [kuchokera pa Meyi 17, 2021]. Kuchokera ku: https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3418:2010-medical-devices-regulation&Itemid=41722&lang=es
2. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL. Las restricciones a la exportación de productos médicos dificultan los esfuerzos por contener la enfermedad porcoronavirus (COVID-19) en América Latina y el Caribetory]. cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/45510/1/S2000309_es.pdf
3. Organización Panamericana de la salud. Dispositivos médicos [Intaneti]. 2021 [kuchokera pa Meyi 17, 2021]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.paho.org/es/temas/dispositivos-medicos
4. Datos zazikulu. Argentina: Economía y demografía [Intaneti]. 2021 [kuchokera pa Meyi 17, 2021]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://datosmacro.expansion.com/paises/argentina
5. Wowerengera. Producto interno bruto por país ku América Latina ndi el Caribe mu 2020 [Internet]. 2020. Ipezeka pa ulalo wotsatirawu: https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1065726/pib-por-paises-america-latina-y-caribe/
6. Banki Yadziko Lonse. Banki Yadziko Lonse yaku Argentina [Internet]. 2021. Ipezeka patsamba lotsatirali: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina/overview
7. Belló M, Becerril-Montekio VM. Sisteme de salud de Argentina. Salud Publica Mex [Internet]. 2011; 53:96-109. Kuchokera ku: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-36342011000800006
8. Corpart G. Latinoamérica es uno de los mercados hospitalarios másrobustos del mundo. Zambiri Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse [Intaneti]. 2018; Ipezeka kuchokera: https://globalhealthintelligence.com/es/analisis-de-ghi/latinoamerica-es-uno-de-los-mercados-hospitalarios-mas-robustos-del-mundo/
9. Mtumiki waku Argentina Anmat. ANMAT yotsogola por OMS como sede para concluir el desarrollo de la herramienta de evaluación de sistemasregulationios [Internet]. 2018. Ipezeka kuchokera: http://www.anmat.gov.ar/comunicados/ANMAT_sede_evaluacion_OMS.pdf
10. RegDesk. Chidule cha malamulo aku Argentina zida zamankhwala [Intaneti]. 2019. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.regdesk.co/an-overview-of-medical-device-regulations-in-argentina/
11. Wogwirizanitsa Komiti ya Tekinoloje ya Zaulimi. Productos médicos: normativas sobre habilitaciones, registro ndi trazabilidad [Internet]. 2021 [kuchokera pa Meyi 18, 2021]. Kuchokera ku: http://www.cofybcf.org.ar/noticia_anterior.php?n=1805
12. Ortiz-Barrios M, Gul M, López-Meza P, Yucesan M, Navarro-Jiménez E. Unikani kukonzekera tsoka lachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira zisankho zambiri: Tengani zipatala zaku Turkey monga chitsanzo. Int J Kuchepetsa Zowopsa [Internet]. Julayi 2020; 101748. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221242092030354X doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101748
13. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Navarro-Jiménez E, Jimenez M, Hormeño-Holgado A, Martinez-Gonzalez MB, Benitez-Agudelo JC, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatira za mliri wa COVID-19 pa thanzi la maganizo a anthu: ndemanga yochuluka yofotokozera. Kukhazikika [Intaneti]. Marichi 15 2021; 13(6):3221. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3221 doi: 10.3390/su13063221
14. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Hormeno-Holgado AJ, Jiménez M, Agudelo JCB, Jiménez EN, Perez-Palencia N, etc. Kusintha kwa chitetezo cha anthu chifukwa cha zotsatira za gulu mu mliri wa COVID-19. Katemera [Intaneti]. Meyi 2020; ikupezeka kuchokera: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/236 doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020236
15. Romo A, Ojeda-Galaviz C. Tango ya COVID-19 ikufunika zoposa ziwiri: kusanthula kuyankha kwa mliri woyambirira ku Argentina (Januware 2020 mpaka Epulo 2020). Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. Disembala 24, 2020; 18(1):73. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/73 doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010073
16. Bolaño-Ortiz TR, Puliafito SE, Berná-Peña LL, Pascual-Flores RM, Urquiza J, Camargo-Caicedo Y. Kusintha kwa mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndi zotsatira zake zachuma pa nthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19 ku Argentina. Kukhazikika [Intaneti]. October 19, 2020; 12(20): 8661. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/20/8661 doi: 10.3390/su12208661
17. Corpart G. En Argentina en 2020, se dispararon las cantidades deequipos médicos especializados [Internet]. 2021 [kuchokera pa Meyi 17, 2021]. Kuchokera ku: https://globalhealthintelligence.com/es/analisis-de-ghi/en-argentina-en-2020-se-dispararon-las-cantidades-de-equipos-medicos-especializados/
18. Otaola J, Bianchi W. Kutsika kwachuma kwa Argentina kunachepa mu gawo lachinayi; Kutsika kwachuma ndi chaka chachitatu. Reuters [Intaneti]. 2021; Kuchokera ku: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-argentina-economy-gdp-idUSKBN2BF1DT
Julio G. Martinez-Clark ndi woyambitsa ndi CEO wa bioaccess, kampani yowunikira msika yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi makampani opanga zida zachipatala kuti awathandize kuchita mayesero achipatala otheka mwamsanga ndikugulitsa zatsopano zawo ku Latin America. Julio ndiyenso wotsogolera wa LATAM Medtech Leaders podcast: zokambirana za sabata ndi atsogoleri opambana a Medtech ku Latin America. Ndi membala wa advisory board a Stetson University's lead disruptive innovation program. Iye ali ndi digiri ya bachelor mu electronic engineering ndi digiri ya master mu kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi.